Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Paper

An arising problem in todays world is the destruction of the ozone mould beca practice of the emissions and harmful gases that vehicles argon giving off. Forget ethyl alcohol or biodiesel. The next big thing in automotive burn down may very hale be henry. Auto packrs rapidly ar closing in on making total heat provoke carrell vehicles an everyday fact of life, with several test models act to debut over the next few years. henry raise prison mobile phones to power vehicles are desirable, experts say, because hydrogen is a renewable fuel that can be use to create electricality to streak cars.A chemic play offion between oxygen and hydrogen produces the electric power, and when pure hydrogen is used, the unaccompanied emission from the tailpipe is innocuous water vapor. Many people are asking, wherefore fuel cells? The gaseous state railway locomotive in a conventional car is slight than 20% rate of combinelined in changeing the chemical energy in gun into pow er that moves the vehicle, under normal driving conditions. ignite content fuel cell vehicles, which use electric motors, are much more energy cost-efficient and use 40-60 percent of membrane to the other side of the cell, the stream of negatively-charged electrons follows an external circuit to the cathode.You can read likewise Thin Film Solar CellThis flow of electrons is electricity that can be used to do work, such as power a motor. On the other side of the cell, oxygen gas, typically emaciated from the outside air, flows with channels to the cathode. When the electrons return from doing work, they react with oxygen and the hydrogen protons (which sacrifice moved through the membrane) at the cathode to form water. This union is an exothermic reaction, generating heat that can be used outside the fuel cell. The future of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles depends on advances in quaternary areas the hydrogen source, the distribution infrastructure, the on-board fuel tank and the on-board fuel cell.Hydrogen must be made from nose candy-free renewable sources before fuel-cell vehicles can make a scar in the climate problem. One idea is to make the hydrogen by splitting water utilize electricity from wind farms, or solar panels. erstwhile the hydrogen is made, it must be distributed via special pipelines and tankers to an massive network of hydrogen refueling stations, which have until now to be created yet. Once in the tank, fuel cell vehicles must store enough hydrogen to go several hundred kilometers between refueling stops. swimming hydrogen requires insulated tanks at -253*C. so most companies have chosen to compress the hydrogen inside elevated-strength carbon fiber tanks. The purpose of the fuel cell is to convert hydrogen to electric power. The challenge is to make it light, cheap, racy and durable yet powerful enough to run the engine, lights and air conditioning. Hydrogen fuel cells, while virtually twice as efficient as internal-combustion engines utilize gas, be nearly 100 times as much per unit of power produced, critics note. And hydrogen is explosive.It ignites at a wider range of concentrations than natural gas and requires less energy to ignite, Michael D. Amiridis, chair of the chemical engineering surgical incision at the University of South Carolina, told the Web site and gas-electric hybridisation cars advocate hybridcars. com. Its scary you cannot see the flame, Amiridis said. Still, automakers are pushing ahead. What we can do from our side is to institute that technology is mainly feasible, and we have many merged projects in this area, said BMWs corporate communications manager Andreas Klugescheid.Its North America plan and Emission Test Center in California, for example, has been test two BMW Hydrogen 7 prototypes that run on both hydrogen and gasoline, using a dual-fuel engine and two separate fuel tanks. With the push of a button on its steering wheel, the Hydrogen 7 can run on either hydroge n or gasoline. It can go 125 miles on its hydrogen mode and 300 on its gasoline mode, thus limiting the possibility that its driver dexterity be stranded, given that theres only one hydrogen filling station in California, near Los Angeles.Along with the hydrogen fuel cells high efficiency (from 40-70%), the possibility of utilizing both heat and electricity from them go out make a significant constituent to reducing atmospheric emissions. For example, a fuel cell operating at 60% efficiency would despatch 35-60% less CO2 at the fossil fuel stage and 80% less from hydrogen. Both GM and Honda are hoping to bypass concerns about the lack and cost of developing hydrogen filling stations by creating home hydrogen refueling devices that would allow cars to be refilled overnight in garages.Much of the push for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles is aimed at putting the public at relaxation method through demonstration models and projects Energy sources of the future will have to be cleaner an d more efficient than current sources fuel cells fulfill these requirements. Several challenges outride before we will see wide-spread commercialization, mainly because of restrictions with size, cost, reliableness and safety, but an environmentally-friendly source of power is definitely on its way.