Qantas Airlines

Adel Dosmagambetova Maslow's chain of importance There are in every case a few focuses when we are discussing administration and particularly friendliness industry. At the point when we serve our item, what our clients anticipate from us is our primary reason to give. The organization needs to connect the capacity of their administration and the desires for their clients. They measure their item and clients' needs. (Anton and Petouhoff 1996)There are no questions that coordinating the two sides desire we can give fulfillment to our customers. Anyway it isn't generally conceivable to fulfill all needs of your customer.Maslow's chain of importance was made to show hypothesis of requirements in the brain research way and make an association between each stages. Maslow utilized the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-Actualization needs to portray the example that human inspirations by and large travel through. (King,2009). We have investigated our organ ization and separated its needs into 5 principle highlights. Qantas(Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services) is one of the most seasoned air organization on the planet, KLM is the main organization elder.They offer their types of assistance more than 90 years and the politic of this worldwide, world acclaimed organization show us their capacity to construct and stay in contact with ages and clients desire. The primary phase of the order is physiological requirements which incorporate solace of their clients, the second is their security, the third is nature of administration, the forward one is a picture of the aviation routes and the last one is self-completion included individual experience. As it is referenced above, as a matter of first importance they give agreeable seats, top notch food and straight flights, on the off chance that it is possible.Qantas makes local and universal ways too, their flights works to 56 metropolitans. Anyway they don't just particular on ai r-administration, they additionally have cooking and Qantas occasion, where they offer high positioning support and life-changing emotions. (About Qantas, 2012) The subsequent stage is adaptable timetables, security of their things and their wellbeing without a doubt. Qantas ensures their client their wellbeing during the flights, security of their gear and other belongings.They attempted to make plans most extreme agreeable for each client, tallying that they typically make significant distance flights and their market is worked by a long shot away flying. The third one is excellent administrations, with positive staffs, agreeable air terminals choice great coordinating spots. For feeling invited for each client they offer great assistance on their planes and they make preparing for their staff and even request marked garbs. Air terminal is the primary spot where you get previously or in the wake of flying and obviously client expect incredible administrations and reasonable select ions.It is extraordinary thing to be associated with one of the most acclaimed and regarded air terminals. The fourths stage one is about notoriety of the aviation routes. The client needs being insurance and flawless served, conclusions and notoriety of the picked carriers. They anticipate that the organization should advance them a top notch measures and prominence everywhere throughout the world . â€Å"Success is getting what you need and joy is loving what you get. †(Brown, 1992) To improve the organization's notoriety and marking Qantas has created inventive and showcasing thoughts to help deals by redesigning their planes and improve nature of advertising.To end with self-completion we pick understanding of Qantas' client. The organization gives extraordinary kinds of administrations and make the trips for client great. They attempt to show client that with Qantas' they and their effects in security, and no place else client will get such administrations. They make the ir experience by giving fulfillments of client experience which permit them to fly just with Qantas and even extraordinary duties and Qantas club are support for them to fly Qantas.References list: Dr. Jon Anton and Dr. Natalie L. Petouhoff (1996) Customer relationship the board. Skyway Drive, Santa Maria, Anton press Paul W. Lord. (2009) Climbing Maslow's pyramid picking your own way through life. Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, DB, United Kingdom H. Jackson Brown from the book Climbing Maslow pyramid. Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, DB, United Kingdom About Qantas, Retrieved from authentic site http://www. qantas. com. au/travel/aircrafts/home/au/en

FAMOUS PEOPLE :: essays research papers

Rosa Parks is generally known as the African-American lady who wouldn't get off her seat on a transport. She would not like to relinquish her seat all together for a white individual to supplant her. She was captured and arrested without wanting to, on the grounds that she wanted to remain on the seat she believed she legitimately merited. On December first, 1955, as indicated by history, Rosa Parks was worn out and depleted from a difficult day of work. Truth be told, under various conditions, she would have most likely surrendered her seat enthusiastically to a youngster or old individual. Be that as it may, now ever, Parks was sick of the treatment she and other African-Americans got regularly of their lives. This included bigotry, isolation, partiality and the Jim Crow laws of the time. After she took a position, Americans appeared to see and the laws and guidelines of the time were addressed and along these lines, reexamined. Prior to her capture, Parks had the fire within her t o change what wasn't right with things that were uncalled for. She filled in as secretary of the NAACP and later a counsel to the NAACP Youth Council and attempted to enroll to decide on numerous events when it was fundamentally difficult to do as such. In addition to the fact that parks was an authentic figure in the African-American people group, yet additionally she started change without truly acknowledging so. After the transport episode, the foundation of the Montgomery Improvement Association was executed, driven by a youthful minister named Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The present reality is plainly unique all in view of Rosa Parks declining to surrender her seat. Her activity lead to response, which is the most significant part in setting up change. Her demonstration of resistance started a development that finished legitimate isolation in America. This implied individuals of various shading could at long last beginning drinking from a similar drinking fountain, bathrooms we re not assigned â€Å"colored† and â€Å"white,† and one of the most significant things was that schools began integrating, which implied high contrast kids could go to similar schools. This last thing was at long last executed by the death of the Brown v. Leading body of Education law, yet it would not have had the option to occur if Rosa Parks had gotten up from her seat. Had she done that, our future as Americans would have been undermined and the laws that are dynamic today may have been something African-Americans would even now be battling for.

The Truth About Nightshades - and Whether You Should Avoid Them

The Truth About Nightshades - and Whether You Should Avoid Them Nightshades are some of the most commonly used plants, easily found in every market.Paprika, potato, eggplant â€" these vegetables all belong to the nightshade family.This also includes peppers in all their varieties, as well as tomatoes.Nightshades are used for food all over the world, but as time passed and new knowledge about them emerged, people started wondering if nightshades are truly as good for our health.These plants, although usually completely harmless to most of the people, can cause some serious issues when if you’re suffering from an autoimmune decease, or simply have a very sensitive stomach.Let us see what exactly nightshades are, find out how they work when eaten, and see whether or not we should limit the consumption of nightshades or completely stay away from them.ABOUT NIGHTSHADESNightshades are the plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, which contains more than 2000 species.White potato, eggplants, peppers (both their chili and sweet bell varieties) â€" al l of these are numbered among the nightshades.Red pepper flakes, cayenne pepper, paprika, and other spices derived from peppers also fall into this category, the exception being the black pepper since it belongs to a completely different family of plants.The aforementioned nightshade plants, including tomatillos and goji berries, are edible (and quite delicious too!), while another member of this family, although able to bear fruits, is not an edible plant, so we use it for its leaf instead.That plant is as widely known as it is wide-spread, and its name is â€" tobacco.Tobacco is probably the most obvious example of nightshades’ detrimental effects to our health, but more on that will be said later in the text. TO TRUST, OR NOT TO TRUST?As extensive as this family of plants may be, the list of the edible nightshades is, sadly, not overly long, but the number of nightshade plants with highly toxic properties is impressively large.Most of the poisonous nightshades are very dangerous for humans, and they’ve been traditionally valued for exactly this feature.The most famous of the poisonous nightshade is probably the belladonna, commonly known as “the deadly nightshade”.Belladonna was highly regarded for its brutal efficiency, and it is further immortalized by the great William Shakespeare in one of his greatest plays â€" Macbeth.The name belladonna means “beautiful woman” in English, and it is probably connected to the alternative use of this plant. Women once used the belladonna extract in order to cause the dilation of their pupils, and thus be more attractive to men.Because of the long list of poisonous nightshade, there are people who show great levels of concern when it comes to all nightshades in general.Since belladonna is so poisonous, how can potato or tomato be good for us?Traditionally, gardeners expressed their doubts regarding the actual nutritional values of nightshades, so they grew them simply because of their beauty.Their belief, comb ined with the growing distrust towards nightshades has some sense, but the truth is this: edible nightshades pose absolutely not a threat for us.If, of course, we’re already perfectly healthy.On the other hand, if you’re suffering from chronic deceases, autoimmune deceases, have sensitivity towards certain types of food, allergies, leaky gut syndrome or inflammatory bowel decease, eating nightshade vegetables may prove as a very, very bad idea. IS VITAMIN D TO BLAME? One of the causes of possible health risks related to consuming nightshades in your everyday diet is their negative influence on joint pain and arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis.This case is presented by N. F. Childers, P.h.D. and M. S. Margoles, M.D. However, this “proof” cannot be considered completely reliable due to it being based upon conversations with various people regarding their diet and whether or not they experienced the negative effects of the nightshades, however helpful their idea of elim inating nightshades from their interlocutors’ diets proved to be.One of the potential causes of people with chronic illnesses’ negative reaction to consuming nightshades may have something to do with Vitamin D.Evidence gathered from animals showed that the joint problems and bone issues the animals have been experiencing are all due to the way their bodies process the Vitamin D derived from nightshade consumption.Vitamin D is of great importance when it comes to the overall health of bones.However, the D3 variant of Vitamin D is proven to have negative effects â€" it actually causes disturbances in calcium metabolism.Consequently, the improperly processed calcium is deposited in the soft body tissue instead of within the bones.This is the reason why animals suffer from severe joint inflammation.However, we humans do not process Vitamin D in the same manners that animals do.Substances which have a negative influence on animals have no effect on humans, and vice versa, so the offe red evidence, however important, does not exactly prove that these issues will affect us in the same manner, if at all.LECTINS AND ALKALOIDSThere are, on the other hand, researches which attribute the negative influence of the nightshades to our organism to the substances naturally found within the said plants.These substances are called lectins and alkaloids (or glycoalkaloids).1.  Lectins Lectins are proteins bound to carbon-hydrate, i.e. sugar.These macromolecules are of great importance since they’re able to recognize specific cells and molecules within our body and play the role of mediators when it comes to the process of binding between the bacteria and viruses and their respective targets.Lectins can be found in basically every food source, to the greater or lesser extent.Some foods, such as beans and grains, must be either fermented or cooked in order to reduce the lectine percentage.Some of them, such as CLEC11A lectine, actually has some beneficial effects. Other lactin es, such as ricine, act as toxins and can be extremely dangerous.It is not easy to easily distinguish between the beneficial, or at least harmless, and the dangerous types of lectins because of them being so widespread in almost every source of food.We know for certain that the lectins in peanuts are harmful to humans since they act as a bowel irritant and cause the “leaky gut syndrome”, which is also something alkaloids do as well.2.  Alkaloids Alkaloids are chemical compounds, naturally occurring and organic in nature, usually consisted of basic nitrogen atoms.They are produced by plants, animals, fungi, and animals.Alkaloids within nightshades are also known as glycoalkaloids, and they are, essentially, the plant’s defense mechanism, a naturally occurring pesticide.Even though they exist in every part of the plant, those parts of the plants with the highest level of glycoalkaloids are unripe fruit, flowers, and leaves.Glycoalkaloids work in two ways.When a predator eats a g lycoalkaloid-rich unripe fruit, the compound bounds with cholesterol cells of the predator, that way eroding their membrane and causing them to leak or break.The other way is through interaction with an enzyme called cholinesterase.This enzyme reacts with a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which leads to overstimulation of the muscular tissue, and consequently, paralysis of the predator.Essentially, glycoalkaloids, at least context, are acting as neurotoxins.Alkaloids found within nightshades include, but are not limited to, the following:SolanineWhen solanine enters the body once we eat nightshade which the highest concentration of this alkaloid, the bond with sugar is severed due to our bodies metabolizing of this alkaloid, so only solanidine is left.Solanidine is not toxic in small amounts we enter in ourselves while eating, but it tends to accumulate over time and starts damaging our body when we’re under great stress.This steroid alkaloid is found in potatoes, and its c ounterpart, located within tomatoes, is called tomatine.Solanine and tomatine are produced in very much the same way the plants produce chlorophyll.This essentially means that the highest concentration of these alkaloids, as we have already mentioned earlier in the text, can be found in the greenest parts of the plant.It is true that we mostly never eat those parts, but take care: every patch of green on not-quite-ripe fruit can potentially have a high concentration of solanine/tomatine.The detrimental effects of this steroidal alkaloids include irritation of the digestion system, and can also cause disturbances within the neurotransmitters.Documented cases of solanine poisoning exist, although they are very rare, and they include central nervous system depression, vomiting, diarrhea, and in some extreme cases, death.Nicotine As we have already said, nicotine is an alkaloid found within the tobacco, which is also a type of nightshade.It is widely known that this alkaloid is the reas on why tobacco is so addictive, and why so many people worldwide smoke cigarettes and cigars in large amounts, but other than addiction, it causes breathing difficulties and lung cancer, among other things.Bear in mind: the fact you’re not a smoker and that you actively avoid places where smokers gather does not mean that you’ve successfully avoided nicotine!Nicotine can be found in basically every type of nightshade, in a greater or lesser extent.Which probably explains why we get so easily hooked on French fries!Capsaicin Capsaicin is the alkaloid found within peppers. Although it has some anti-inflammatory characteristics, it can cause a lot of trouble aside from the well-known taste of peppers.If you ever felt like your very soul is on fire after eating a particularly hot habanero or a salsa, its capsaicin’s fault!A side-effect of capsaicin burning your taste buds is the release of a compound called Substance P.When that happens, there comes of period where your sense of t aste (and all the pain receptors within your mouth) feels like its deadened, so the searing heat you felt at the first bite is significantly weaker at the fourth and the fifth bite.That’s why this alkaloid has some use as an analgesic, especially when it comes to treating osteoarthritis. HOW DANGEROUS ARE THEY?When it comes to overall direct danger to humans, we don’t really have anything to worry about.The concentration of alkaloids in edible nightshades is small, and since most of it, as we have already said, is concentrated in the parts we don’t actually eat.Even if we did, it would take a high concentration of alkaloids to actually harm us, and such amount is found in poisonous nightshades.But just like we said, a person with a perfectly healthy body can deal with these substances without much of a trouble.People with certain health issues, like the ones we mentioned above, are not that lucky.In case you’re suffering from an autoimmune disorder, alkaloids you’ve consum ed may lead to a stronger immune reaction, which is something which must be avoided.One of the problems the alkaloids can cause within the body of a person troubled by an autoimmune disorder is the gut inflammation.Since it’s their nature to act as a pesticide, and since the pesticide is a toxin made to, essentially, kill any and all pests that potentially harm the plant, alkaloids attack the cells within your digestive tract, causing “leaky gut”.The protein from the cells within the digestive tract, instead of remaining where they’re supposed to be, end up in our bloodstream, which kick-starting a potent autoimmune reaction â€" our body attacks them seeing them as foreign bodies and potential threat.Other research shows that glycoalkaloids can destroy even the cellular membranes of our blood cells and mitochondria!THE BENEFITS OF NIGHTSHADESTo reiterate: nightshades are harmful only to those sensitive to them for reasons we have explained earlier.If you’re a healthy indiv idual not suffering from any form of autoimmune deceases, you’ll be perfectly fine.In fact, some of those substances within the nightshades which cause such a detrimental effect when consumed by people with sensitive digestive tract can be actually beneficial to those that don’t.1.  Anti-inflammatory PropertiesFor people with the healthy digestive system, capsaicin, the alkaloid found within peppers is actually used to counter bowel inflammation, and it is one of the beneficial factors of eating peppers!However, within the body of someone with more sensitive bowels, it has a completely opposite effect.The moment capsaicin appears in the digestive tract of a healthy person, their body reacts with a powerful anti-inflammatory response.That way, capsaicin serves as sort of a catalyst for positive chemical reaction within our bodies.The reason for such a reaction may lie in the fact that glycoalkaloids â€" capsaicin being among them â€" have a similar structure to that of glucocorti coids.Glucocorticoids are special compounds known for their strong anti-inflammatory features, the most famous of them being prednisone and cortisol (this one is actually the stress hormone of our body).However, it must be noted that excessive amounts of these substances just because they have this one beneficial feature.Too much prednisone causes some pretty nasty side-effects, and too much cortisol slows down your metabolism and undermines the efficiency of our immune system.2.  Anti-Bacterial Properties Nightshades can be of great help when it comes to fighting bacteria and viruses.Laboratory experiments have shown that alkaloids and lectins found within nightshades possess strong anti-bacterial properties.This is discovery is perfectly in accordance with their nature: they are meant to help the plant fight aggressors both from within and from without.3.  Anti-Cancer Properties While conducting researches with the purpose of finding every possible way of fighting and destroying c ancer cells, scientists tried using nightshades, i.e. alkaloids and lectins extracted from them.In vitro experiments have shown that alkaloids can actually cause the decline of cancer concentration by “making” them self-destruct.The reason why this is not a widely spread method of fighting cancer is due to the fact that alkaloids and lectins used in this purpose often trigger the self-destruction healthy cells as well, which makes them a real double-edged sword.Consequently, in vivo trials on animals and humans have not been conducted, and it shall remain so until ways of countering these side-effects are discovered.APPROPRIATE SUBSTITUTION OF NIGHTSHADES IN EVERY-DAY MEALSEveryday recipes are full of nightshades, but don’t worry: if your body can’t deal with them, there are great (and very tasty) substitutions out there.By using them, you won’t be forced to give up preparing and enjoying your favorite meals, and they’ll be equally tasty and significantly healthier for y ou!1.  Potatoes Potatoes, as we’ve said above, are rich with alkaloids, so they don’t agree with some people that well. Luckily, there are more than decent substitutions for them.Sweet potatoes, for example, are not only a delicious vegetable, but they are also completely alkaloid-free, thus not causing any of the usual nightshade-induced issues. You can use them for basically any meal common potatoes are used for, and with no side-effects whatsoever.Jicama, nicknamed “the Mexican potato”, is another effective substitution, though not so commonly known. Not only it is great for making French fries, but it is also a great way of nourishment for the good bacteria within our digestive tract. Besides these, plantain is always a good choice!2.  TomatoesTomato, as nightshade, can be very unpleasant for some people, despite its relatively mild effects.Tomato-based food can be found literally everywhere because the fruit is quite delicious, and it adds quite a bit of flavor. However , you can go without it and still enjoy all those meals.If you require marinara sauce for preparing a certain dish, you can substitute it with the so-called Nomato sauce. You can either buy it at a supermarket or make it yourself. Just have some pumpkin puree, fresh basil, kalamata olives, dulse flakes, bone broth, nutritional yeast, and just a bit of beet.The same Nomato sauce fits great when it comes to chili, and if you’re a lover of enchiladas, zucchinis are the perfect substitution for tomatoes.3.  Red Spices Red spices are spices based on peppers, such as paprika, and they are almost an irreplaceable part of any meal, especially those more on the, well, spicier side. Almost irreplaceable.Black pepper, a fairly common, hot spice, is not nightshade but a seed plant, yet it is more than capable of matching that recognizable kick the peppers have.When it comes the color, where black pepper is lacking, turmeric saves the day. It works as a perfect replacement for peppers. The fla vor, the color, the spice â€" turmeric has it covered!Finally, if you’re looking for a bit more variety, cumin is the right choice.Much like black pepper, it is a seed plant, and since it’s green in color, experimenting with it could be quite amusing.Add it instead of peppers, and watch your dinner guests puzzled expressions as you serve them a delicious, verdantly green chili!4.  Eggplants Eggplants are also one of the most commonly used nightshades.One good way of substituting them is the introduction of zucchinis.Their texture is similar to that of eggplants and prepared as French fries, they’re almost the same as eggplant parmesan.CAN NIGHTSHADE SENSITIVITY BE HEALED? Depending on the auto-immune decease you’re suffering from and of many other health factors, yes, it is possible for you to stop being sensitive to nightshades, or at least reduce your body’s reaction towards them.Some people may have a more or less stronger reaction towards a particular type of nightshad e, so reintroducing them into your everyday diet in ever so small amounts may help you build tolerance.But if your previous reaction towards, say, potatoes were serious, it would probably be best if you simply remove it altogether.There are some efficient ways to achieving this, and you can find them here.FINAL WORDTo reiterate, nightshades are essentially harmless for you, they’re even beneficial, but only if you yourself don’t have any overly extreme health issues. If you’re suffering from any form of auto-immune decease, it would be wise for you to avoid nightshades.The concentration of alkaloids and lectins in them can worsen your chronic pain, irritate your bowels, or cause some more serious consequences.There are ways, however, to heal your nightshade sensitivity, or at least increase your tolerance towards nightshades, but it is strongly advised you do this with extreme care.Check your levels of sensitivity, and act accordingly.Health always comes first!

Critique Of A Research Study - 1803 Words

Excelsior College M7A1: Critique of a Research Study This paper critiques â€Å"Patient Education in Rural Community Hospitals: Registered Nurses Attitudes and Degrees of Comfort† (Jones, 2010). The study’s purpose, the author stated, was to look at how certain variables affected registered nurses’ attitudes toward and comfort with educating their patients (p. 43). Jones also said that one aspect of the research’s purpose was to check how attitudes affected how information was transmitted to patients by nurses, though in reality, the study actually measured whether the variables Jones measured—not attitude—affected how frequently nurses taught patients (p. 45). The author notes that the study’s purpose was limited to nurses working directly with patients in a rural and acute health care environment; only nurses in that situation were surveyed (p. 43). Jones is a well-educated nurse-researcher. Besides being a credentialed registered nurse (NEA-BC), Jones holds an MSN and a Doctor of Education degree (p. 41). Indeed, the study was created as Jones’s dissertation (Jones, 2007). Given her PhD, it is understandable that the author is interested in the role nurses play in teaching patients. Jones’s background as a nurse and education expert qualifies her to investigate this research topic, which sits at the intersection of nursing and teaching. Variables The study has a rather complicated set of variables. The independent variables examined were academic preparation inShow MoreRelatedCritique of Research Study1431 Words   |  6 Pagesreview and critique Hesss quantitative study of vascular access improvement in pediatric population by using a vein viewing device. The author utilized a prospective, non-randomized study at a tertiary care center. 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Journal of Teacher Education Critique Essay - 1366 Words

Introduction The Journal of Teacher Education has been in existence since March of 1950. According to the journals website (http://jte.sagepub.com/) it has an impact factor of 1.891 and is ranked 18 out of 184 in Education Educational Research. The purpose of this paper is to critique issue 64 volume 3 of 2011. This paper is organized so that description of information is presented about the authors, institutions and topics of each paper, then a synthesis of the teacher education articles, and finally implications for the field of teacher education. Description This journal issue included seven total articles; four were research articles, two were literature reviews and one was an editorial. A total of seventeen authors were†¦show more content†¦The issue of traditional programs versus alternative certification programs is burgeoning as teacher shortages increase. Kirchhoff and Laurenz (2011) examined how teacher education programs influenced the career paths of teachers. 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Poetry Discussion Questions Free Essays

How does the language of the poem make Moore more relatable to the audience? A lot of poems are composed of long difficult words that are hard to pronounce and hard to understand. However, in â€Å"Poetry’, Moore took a different route to explaining to the reader what poetry is. That is, she approached the poem with words that are used everyday, a technique to help the reader to understand the true meaning of poetry. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Discussion Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now I also feel like these lines, that we do not admire what e cannot understand† (lines 9-11), point out that the average person does not understand deep, complex literary meanings of words that are not used in everyday life. I also feel like Moore is expressing that this is one of the reasons why people do not read as much poetry, since they are indirectly discriminated due to the language filter. To add on, this may be the reason why the author started off with the lines, â€Å"l, too, dislike it, there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle† (line 1). Once again, she relates to the audience in preference of literature. Perhaps through the poem, she is attempting to show herself grow out of the phase of dislike and into the phase of loving poetry to the extent of becoming a poet. The ignorance to poetry makes us believe that we do not enjoy poetry, but I feel like the author expresses that it is a matter of opening the book and surpassing the fear of feeling unintelligible due to the language in sophisticated poems. How to cite Poetry Discussion Questions, Papers

Applied Business Research and Strategies

Question: Discuss about the case study Applied Business Research and Strategies. Answer: Introduction Companies uses various strategies in order to appeal to their customers and establish a competitive advantage in the industry. Wild bean caf is a coffee and food stores spread across various locations in the UK(Patterson, 2010). The report is regarding Wild Bean Cafs initiative taken to enhance the various services it provides its customers, which has been analyzed by use of Hertzberg two factor theory. The second part of the report caters to the strategic position of the company if its wants to gain greater market share in UK, which has been analyzed through strategic clock. Customer service initiatives by Wild Bean Caf Wild bean caf is a chain of coffee stores operating in the UK, side by side BP petrol pumps. The company offers refreshments and snacks for road travellers who stop at the petrol pumps to refuel. The company provides a wide array of menu option for breakfast, lunch and drinks along with sweets which has high customer appeal. The companys food joint and coffee shop is a favorite of the UK travellers which has been analyzed using the Hertzberg two-factor theory. According to the theory there are two pertinent factors that causes satisfaction amongst customers, they can be grouped as motivators and hygiene factors(Liu, 2011). Motivators : The factors that motivate customers to have coffee and food items at Wild Bean Caf is the fresh coffee they provide in terms of quality and standard. The food quality and variety at the outlet has an appeal to the taste buds of the consumers in UK. Coffee has tremendous energizing properties which is an added advantage for travellers to stop and eat or drink at the store. Hygiene Factors : The hygiene factors can also be called the basic factors that make customers choose Wild Bean Caf. The caf shops are strategically located at petrol pumps; this allows customers to freshen up and provides an opportunity to rest between their journey. The stores are well maintained and are clean which provides the basic hygiene factors for customers to select the caf shop(Patterson, 2010). Figure 1: Hertzberg two factor theory for customer satisfaction Source : (Liu, 2011) The potential market opportunities of Wild bean caf to gain more market share in domestic market Wild Bean Caf in the UK caters to a particular market segment of specially travellers as they are located beside BP petrol pumps. The company caters to a distinct set of customer profile in order to expand in UK and gain more market share the company has to apply Strategic Clock to consider the alternatives. The strategic clock offers various alternative strategy like differentiation, low cost, low price, hybrid of moderate price and differentiation, focused differentiation, increase price or standard in product, high price and low value, low value and high price(Covin, 2006). Amongst the various strategic alternatives available the company can select low price strategy. The company faces immense competition from Starbucks hence it cannot adopt differentiation strategy hence in order to gain greater market share across UK it needs to lower its overall costs. By lowering of its costs, initially it might have to face reduced profitability but it can attract a lot of customers(Piercy, 2008). Through this strategy the company can become a very powerful force in the market but it needs to evaluate the low price sustainability as it needs to maintain certain standard costs. Figure 2: Strategic clock for Bean Wild Cafe Source : (Covin, 2006) Conclusion The discussion on Wild Bean Caf provides useful insights to the various factors the company caters to while attaining customer satisfaction. The company provides a wide range of coffee and food items that have a high appeal to the customers hence these acts as motivators. In the strategic clock the company should adopt a low price strategy in order to compete in the market which will provide the company differentiation and attract a high number of customers. References Covin, J. G. (2006). Strategic process effects on the entrepreneurial orientationsales growth rate relationship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 57-81. Liu, C. T. (2011). The effects of relationship quality and switching barriers on customer loyalty. . International Journal of Information Management, 71-79. Patterson, P. G. (2010). How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 41-47. Piercy, N. (2008). Market-led strategic change. . Routledge.

Locke and Hobbes Views on State of Nature

Introduction The state of nature, in political philosophy, is a term used in social contract theories to refer to the hypothetical condition that preceded governments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Locke and Hobbes’ Views on State of Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a broader sense, state of nature can be described as the condition before rule of positive law comes into being, thus it is a synonym for anarchy (Schochet, 1967). State of nature is fundamental in social contract theory since people seek to be governed by persons in higher authority in order to maintain their social stability. Hobbes and Locke were among the few philosophers who contributed immensely to the concept of state of nature. They were both natural law and social contract theorists who lived in the same era but had different views and arguments on the state of nature, justification of governments and the motives to move ou t of the state of nature. All other natural law theorists, except Hobbes, assumed that man was a social animal by nature. On contrary, Hobbes assumed very different conclusions and was infamous for several other unconventional results in mathematics and physics. Differences Thomas Hobbes wrote in his greatest work Leviathan, that nothing could be as worst as life without the state protection. As a materialist he borrowed a lot from the principle of conservation in motion from Galileo’s theory. He noted, that an object is eternally supposed to be in motion unless someone disturbs it. Using the principle of conservation of motion, he argued that, human beings are perpetually seeking for new things (Macpherson, 1990). In addition stated that, life itself is in a state of motion and can never be enjoyed without desire to move. He argued that, it is only through the search of well-being that human beings go to war with one another and that the fear of death is the only leading fac tor to the creation of a state. The state of nature is pictured by Hobbes as a state where all are at war with each other. The search for felicity results to men constantly trying to aggravate their power. According to Hobbes, human beings are made equal by nature since what they possess is equal in terms of strengths and skills. He argued that the weakest has strength enough to kill the most formidable, either by secret maneuvers or by coordinating with others. Hobbes cited that in a state of nature three reasons motivate human beings to attack each other, which included the desire for safety, glory, reputation or for selfish gains. According to Hobbes’ theory, in a state of nature there is no room for the unjust hence there is no space for immorality, something that he referred to as the National Right of Liberty.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Individuals with coll ective rationality are contrasted by Hobbes. When explaining the peculiarity of â€Å"prisoner’s dilemma† Hobbes argued that it is difficult to achieve cooperation when individuals with collective rationality diverge. He believed that an individual’s rational behavior leads to attack of other people. According to him, it is our duty to obey the laws of nature just as other people around us are obedient to it. Incases where an individual feels endangered by other people’s standing, in just an occasion one is termed as acting jealously. According to Hobbes theory the level of collective suspicion and fear is very high such that we are excused for not obeying the law and that we only act in a morally upright way when others act the same way. Hobbes assumes that one concedes his rights to the government in return for life. To him, the role of the society is to direct creation of state and a reflection of the will of the ruler and that whatever the state does is just by definition. On the contrary, Locke’s views and arguments differ a lot when compared to Hobbes’. John Locke believed he could live in a state of nature and in a life without a state government. According to Locke, the state of nature is a state of perfect freedom and a state of equality that is only bound by the law of nature. In his theory, Locke adds a moral and technological aspect where he states that due to the fact that we are all creatures of God we should not harm others except for purposes of self defense. All people have a duty to protect and help others without doing harming themselves. On matters of liberty, we have the freedom to do what is morally upright. Here Locke’s view clearly contrasts Hobbes’ who cited that every one has a right over every thing in a state of nature, even the right over other people’s bodies. Locke advocated for equality among human beings and stated that everyone has the power to enforce the law of n ature within a state of nature. According to Locke, harming somebody is only allowed in self defense and those who break the laws of nature should face punishment as a natural right. He argued that each offense should be severely punished according to its magnitude so as to act as an ill bargain for the offenders and to make them repent, thus terrifying others who may be wanting to commit the same transgressions (Olivecrona, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Locke and Hobbes’ Views on State of Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Locke the most important right to be secured in a state nature is private property. He claims that God created us to own property and live in satisfaction but not to end up starving. Locke cited that there is a natural reason to own property in the sense that if man was to ask permission from another man to use the earth then it would amount to starvation. Lo cke’s picture of the state of nature is very optimistic. He argues that nature is not ruled by morality and individuals act for their best but not for the best of the community as whole. According to Locke, the reasons that led to creation of states were; increase in resource scarcity and the invention of cash that is a means of non perishable exchange. People could exchange land produce for money avoiding loss, creating wealth and imbalances that Hobbes termed as a state of war. According to him, the role of the society was to ensure justice was done. Similarities There are similarities between Hobbes’ and Locke’s views on state of nature. Both are political philosophers and their writings have influenced to a great extent development of modern political thought. Both refer to the state of nature in which man lives without a government and both point out risks in the state. Both, Hobbes and Locke talk about the dangers of the state of nature. Man is referred by both of them as being equal to the state (Macpherson, 1990). Locke describes nature as a state of perfect equality where superiority over one another is not exercised but despite the equality both warn of dangers of state of nature. For instance, Hobbes says that if two men cannot enjoy the same thing they turn out to be enemies, something that ends in a state of war. Locke points out risks in cases where the law of nature is lacking and everyone executes duties, this may result to what Hobbes refers to as a state of war. Both Locke and Hobbes somehow seem to agree on the law of nature. They seem to agree the concept of law to imply a law enforcer; otherwise the law would be an empty concept. Conclusion I tend to agree with Locke’s point of view in his argument, that in a state of nature there are moral codes which guide and inspire human beings (Macpherson, 1990). My reluctance to support Hobbes argument is supported by the fact that people may choose follow individual reas oning instead of a collective reason. However, Locke’s law of nature is somehow weak since it requires somebody to enforce it and his argument that everybody is empowered may not be true and may result to what Hobbes termed as state of war.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Macpherson, C.B.(1990). The political theory of possessive individualism. Oxford: Clarendon Press Oxford Olivecrona, K.L.(1998). Appropriation in the State of Nature: Locke on the Origin of Property. Journal of the History of Ideas,78(67),90-123. Schochet, G.J.(1967). Thomas Hobbes on the Family and the State of Nature. Political  Science Quarterly,90,78-80 This essay on Locke and Hobbes’ Views on State of Nature was written and submitted by user Annika Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War

The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War Introduction The division of Korea was an event, which stemmed from the 1945 World War II victory of the Allied nations. The victory marked the end of the 35 year long Japanese rule over Korea. The division, resulted from the declined proposal, for the United States and the Soviet Union, to transitorily occupy Korea, in the form of a trusteeship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The trusteeship, was intended to bring about the establishment of a Korean provisional government, which would be liberated to independence, after gaining stability. In line with the proposal, elections had been scheduled, a move that the Soviet Union refused consenting to. The refusal by the Soviet Union, was mainly because the elections would be administered in a free and fair manner, across the two Korean divisions. As a result of the non-cooperation, a communist nation was formed, under the directive of the Soviet Union, at the Northern division. A pro-western state was also established at the South Division, through the backing of the two super powers. Also, the two super powers, backed the different leaderships of the different territories, which led to the effective establishment of the two states. However, the two states claimed superiority over the entire Korean region (Landsberg 71). Discussion The Korean War of 1950 to 1953, was a war between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, backed up by China and the Soviet Union; and the Republic of Korea, backed by the United States of America. The war was primarily, the result of the political separation of Korea, which was made through the agreement by the Allied Nations after the World War II (Cumings 607). The impacts of the Korean division on South Korea are many, and they include land border issues, maritime incidents, and air attacks by the North Korean authorities. Other impacts include the democratization of South Korea. After the division of South and North Korea; the political climate was a cause for the political evolution of Soul, after running from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. Through the democratization of Southern Korea, the South Korean economy was able to establish an increased number of relations with foreign countries. As a result, the southern territory was able to develop security and foreign issues, which greatly affected the democratization of the state and the ability to establish cross-strait relations. This in turn contributed to the development of the state in its different aspects. These include the trade relations between South Korea and Taiwan (Lee 124).Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After the division, South Korea was forced into the domination of the territory b y foreign powers. The effects of this domination may be seen in the area of the victimization of the people of South Korea, especially the women living at the Cheju region. Long after the division, the women at Cheju have had to condone to sexual exploitation by foreigners, especially Japanese men. However, after a lengthy period of such victimization, the women at the Cheju region resolved to enter into prostitution business, a case that can be traced to the bereavement of a majority of them, after the 1988 attack on the group branded the Guerillas. The effect of their decision to move into sex tourism is evident up to date, and is a case which is known among church leaders and administrative authorities. For instance, during a 1988 International church seminar held at the YMCA, church affiliates were reported, as saying that there was a need to have more Japanese tourists visit the Cheju region, as they would bring money into the area. The same people are quoted as reporting that the income from the sex tourism business, increases the endowment of the church in the area of giving (Lee 124). The division of Korea, also resulted in the instability of the South Korean state, a situation that pushed them into becoming reliant on nuclear war strategies, drawn from the superpowers backing them. For instance, it was reported that during the 1990s, there were enough nuclear bombs in the South Korean territory, enough to vandalize the entire Korean Peninsula biologically. According to the reports, there were between 120 and 1200 nuclear bombs, owned by the Unites States, at the South Korean state. During the same period, there were also more than forty thousand U.S ground troops in South Korea. Further, the autonomy of the U.S in the area of using nuclear bombs at the South Korean region, shows that South Korea fell into foreign dominance soon after the division. This is the case, as it is illegal for America to start the use of nuclear weapons in Europe, except at t he South Korean region, where they carry on such activities without the permission of local authorities (Lee 124). South Korea also became a pollutant-dependent nation after the division, mainly because of the establishment of poisonous production plants. For instance, there was the incidence of a boy who had died, after working at a mercury-producing factory for a period of six months. The case shows that South Korea, fell into chemical exploitation after the division of the different states. Further exploitation can be traced in the challenges placed in the way of the agricultural sector in the South Korean region.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include the strategy to keep South Korea under the rule of the U.S. During the 1990s, Korean farmers were under the threat of being faced out of the agric ultural production platform by the U.S. For instance, the U.S importation of beef products into South Korea, led to the loss of domesticated animals, like cows, and in other cases, the suicide of the indebted farmers. This was the case, as these farmers grew into debt, to the level that they could not keep their lands, thus becoming mere tenants. From the case, it is evident that foreign dominance was killing the Korean economy to its advantage (Oberdorfer 472). Other effects of the division of the two Koreas, include the land border attacks on South Korea by the North Korean forces. Some of these attacks include the April 1970 attempt, the November 1974, the recent 2006 attempts by the North Korean military, seeking to cross into South Korea, and the November 2010 attack on South Korean military training grounds. From these attacks, South Korea has had to remain on alert, ready for an attack from the North Korean forces, a case that led them into instituting readiness drills. These may be traced to the November 23, 2010 attack, which came after the Northern authorities had warned against planned military preparedness drills by South Korea. The drills were taking place at the Yeonpyong Island, where North Korean forces attacked. From the attack, there was an exchange of fire, which led to the death of 4 people and 15 others injured. This clearly shows the subjective treatment of South Korea by their North Korean counterparts, which has been the situation for South Korea, ever since the division. Other areas that South Korea has had to cultivate attack preparedness, include air operations and centers, especially after the 2003 attack by a North Korean jet fighter, which had entered the South Korean territory (Craig 75). Conclusion The division of Korea into the Northern and the Southern territories, took place after 1945 World War II victory of the Allied nations. The planned unification of Korea through a free and fair election failed, after the Soviet Union f ailed consenting to the proposal, a case that led to the creation of two autonomous states, backed by the Soviet Union and the United States. However, that was not the end, as the two states and the respective leaderships, were competing for autonomous control over the entire Korean Peninsula. As a result, the conflict culminated into the Koran war of 1950-1953. After the war, the two states were declared autonomous. However, North Korea continued its revolt against the autonomy of the Southern state, attacking it both from land, borders and air. The effects of the division of Korea on the South Korean state, include the range of attacks by the Korean forces, the democratization of the South Korean economy, and the domination of the territory by foreign nations, these including Japan and the United States.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other effects include reliance on nuclear war strategies, South Korea hosting a pollutant – dependent economy, and the exploitation of the South Korean economy by foreign nations. The forms of exploitation evident at South Korea, include sexual exploitation from Japanese men, and economic exploitation by the United States. Craig, Albert. The Heritage of World Civilizations, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers, 2012. Print. Cumings, Bruce.  The Origins of the Korean War: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes,  Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. Print. Landsberg, Martin. â€Å"Korea: Division, Reunification, U.S. Foreign Policy.† Monthly Review 7.9 (1998): 71–77. Print. Lee, Ki-baik.  A New History of Korea, Seoul: Ilchokak Publishers, 1984. Print. Oberdorfer, Don.  The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History,  Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1997. Print.

Interactive spatial urban planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interactive spatial urban planning - Essay Example The urban population health is affected by interplay of multiple environmental factors such as air pollution, noise pollution, traffic and external safety (Galea & Vlahov, 2005). The traditional urban planning has increasingly been termed as an inefficient tool, due to its inability to take all these multiple environmental factors into consideration, when planning for urban developments. Consequently, Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSSs) for interactive spatial urban planning have become an important tool for the modern urban development planning (Sugumaran & Degroote, 2010). This is due to their ability to use high-tech computers that are linked to databases to simulate interactive models that create interplay of the multiple environmental factors that are of concern to the urban planning (TNO, n.d.). The overall effect is that with this type of technology, it is becoming increasingly easier to understand the problem of spatial planning for urban developments, long way before the actual planning and designing is done (Pearce, Richardson, Mitchell & Shortt, 2010). This is advantageous, sine it allows for understanding the likely problems and addressing them during the planning and designing stages, as opposed to controlling the problems later, when the urban developments have already been designed and constructed. This does not only help to solve the issues of h uman and environmental health associated with urban spatial planning, but also in the development of cities and urban regions that will not require to be redesigned in the future( Galea, Freudenberg & Vlahov, 2005). Therefore, the modern architectural design is not only affected by the issue of generating appropriate designs for cities and urban regions, but also ensuring that the health concerns are equally addressed (Pearce, Richardson, Mitchell & Shortt, 2010). A Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSSs) as an urban planning tool can be

Outline Presentation, Choosing the Luncheon Situation Assignment

Outline Presentation, Choosing the Luncheon Situation - Assignment Example I also would like to appreciate the positive mentality of the college administration in giving credible chance to the current students to enhance their career and future life. My mission here is to present a research essay to my college explaining my need to contact my college alumni on Graduation luncheon function to strengthen our career options. Here I am honored about the opportunity my college avail us to connect with our successful alumni members and coordinate with them in order to expand our career options. I am immensely obliged to my college for launching every spring a Graduation Luncheon occasion wherein the current students and old students cooperate to brighten the future of the former. Here my main motive is to obtain assistance from Graduation Luncheon committee members to acquire names of former graduate students. I have chosen this graduate luncheon function, as it is the grand event of the college wherein all members relevant to the college academy will be present. This is a moment developed by my college to offer us with a golden opportunity to consult with our alumni of old students, who have strong experience with the college and career. The mode of addressing I chose will be the manuscript format, wherein the alumni members will read out the information we need to know in a question-answer format. I chose this style because the luncheon function is a golden moment and I want to get maximum help from our alumni. I would prefer to use media, and the media would be television industry. I select television media because it is visual and audio based. According to (Awoko)â€Å"Television is now the second most popular mass media channels in the world, and its growth is seen all over the world every day†. I want all the academic fraternity to view the comprehensive promotional plan of my college and how it allows the old and current students to connect for the advantage of both. I would definitely like to include a team presentation from the current batch, which would respect and thank the supportive mentality of Graduation luncheon committee and the alumni members.

Iodine Clock Reaction: Kinetic Study

Iodine Clock Reaction: Kinetic Study The order of reaction with respect to I ˆ° was determined to be 1 and the order of reaction for ˆ° was determined to be 1. This was determined through the Method of Initial Rates. The elapsed time it took for the reaction to occur was recorded as were the concentrations of the reactants. This helped us derive the order of each reactant which helped us find the overall order which was 2. This helped us derive the specific rate constant, k, which was 1.93 x. Introduction: The rate of reaction is a positive quantity that expresses how the concentration of a reactant or product changes with time. As the reactant(s) decrease the product increases/is formed as demonstrated in the chemical reaction A+B à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   C. Δ[Reactants] Δ[Products]>0 The rate of reaction, also known as rate expression, can be in the form of R=k[A] à Ã‚ « [B]à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿ [1] The rate equation is expressed as a mathematical relationship describing the dependence of reaction rate upon the concentration of the reactants. The higher the concentration of starting materials (reactants), the more rapidly a reaction would take place. The lower the concentration of starting materials, the slower a reaction would take place, therefore proving that the reaction rate depends upon the concentration of the reactants. R in equation [1] represents the rate of the reaction in terms of the increase in concentration of products divided by the time it took for the change to occur. k,unlike R, is independent of any other quantities and remains the same. It is known as the rate constant. The bracketed unit represents the concentrations of the reactants, A and B. The exponent in front of the brackets represents the sum of the concentration pertaining to [A] à Ã‚ « and [B]à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿ and is defined as the order of the reaction. The order of the reaction is determined only through means of experimentation. The overall sum of all the exponents is known as the total order. The order of a reaction provides the amount of steps it takes a reactant to form a product. The slowest step in the process is called the rate controlling step and it has a molecularity that must equal the overall reaction. For example if the rate controlling step is one, the overall reaction is first order; if it were three, the overall reaction will be third order. Thus it can provide the amount of molecules colliding and how the reaction will carry out. The rate of the reaction can also be influenced, as is in this case, by other factors such as temperature, a catalyst, and an enzyme. Concentration is not the only factor that influences the rate of reaction. In this experiment the rate, k, and the order of the reactions were determined by the Method of Initial Rates and will be influenced by a starch (catalyst). In this method, the rates are going to be recorded for a number of reactions with a different concentration but will hold the constant. The reaction that is being observed is that between the persulfate ion, ˆ°, and iodide ion, Iˆ° being measured in Δt seconds as reaction occurs. Generalized rate expression: R = k[Iˆ°] à Ã‚ « [ˆ°]à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿ [2] Experimental Methods: Pipet Graduated Cylinder Small Test Tube I ˆ° Solution KCl solution (N)2ˆ° Solution Na2 Starch Solution Beaker Ice Water Bath Thermometer KI Solution Chemicals: Chemical Formula Molar Weight Ammonium Persulfate (N)2ˆ° 228.18g/mol Iodine I ˆ° 126.904g/mol Potassium Iodide KI 166.002 g/mol Sodium Thiosulfate Na2 158.108 g/mol Potassium Chloride KCl 74.551 g/mol Ammonium Sulfate (N)2 132.14 g/mol Procedures: Part A. Dependence of Reaction Rate on Concentration: 7 to 8mL of KI, (N)2ˆ°, and Na2s were measured. 7 to 8mL of KCl and (N)2solutions were measured with a graduated cylinder. Look at Table 1. Reactant The specified volume(s) of KI (and KCl) solutions were pipeted into a small test tube which was used as the reaction container. 1.00mL of 0.005 M Na2was pipeted into the small tube and 2 drops of starch solution were added. A thermometer was then inserted into the reaction container. The specified volumes of (N)2ˆ° and (N)2were then pipeted into a separate test tube. Persulfate solution was then poured from the test tube into the reaction tube. The solution was then swirled as to mix thoroughly. The time at which the solutions were mixed and the time required to turn the solution blue were recorded. Observed time. After solution appeared the temperature was recorded The tubes were rinsed thoroughly between experiments and each experiment was reproduced. Part B. Dependence of Reaction Rate on Temperature: Reaction (3) was carried out at the temperatures specified in Table 2. The same concentration as in Experiment 2 of table 1 was used. Table 2. Iodine Clock Reaction and Temperature Experiment Temperature,  °C 2 Room temperature 4 10 ° above Room Temperature 5 10 ° below Room Temperature 6 About 0 ° or 20 ° below Room Temp. Instead of mixing at room temperature, the two test tubes were placed in a beaker of water heated with a water bath to the desired temperature. A thermometer was then placed in the reaction tube. After several minutes at the specified temperature, the two solutions were mixed by pouring the solution from the persulfate test tube into the reaction tube, which was kept in the water bath. Swirl the tubes. The times of mixing and when the color change occurs and the temperature at the time of color change was recorded. The experiment may be repeated if time permits. Disposal: All solutions of reactions product are classified as non-hazardous and were flushed down the sink with running water. Unused reactant may be disposed in waste container. Observations The time it took for the solutions to change colors varied according to the rate law equation. As the temperature was raised, the reaction occurred quicker. As the temperature was cooler, the reaction took longer. Discussion: Throughout this experiment we were trying to find the order of reaction pertaining to [I ˆ°] and [ˆ°]. This experiment also illustrated the many ways that the rate of reaction can be influenced. As the temperature was raised we saw the solution being changed at a quicker rate. As it was cool it took longer. This experiment also affirmed what was said of the rate of reaction being directly proportional to the concentration; the higher the concentration, the quicker the reaction. Sources of Error: There were several possible sources of error. When the group started attaining the specified volumes of the solutions we had misread the instructions several times and may have gotten the wrong amounts. We eventually got the amounts right, but there might have been residue from the other concentrations that were in there before. Another possible source of error could have been the amount of ice that was in the container. Even though it was possibly just a very small amount of extra nice that wasnt needed, that could have influenced the time the reaction occurred. Conclusion: The order of the reactions pertaining to [I ˆ°] and [ˆ°] were obtained. The order of reaction pertaining to pertaining to [I ˆ°] was 1 and the order of reaction pertaining to [ˆ°] was also 1. The overall reaction order was 2. This helped us find the specific rate constant, k, which was 1.93 x .

Citibank: Performance Evaluation Essay

In 1996, Citibank was an emergent banking institution attempting to increase its market share in the competitive Los Angeles area. In order to do so, the bank’s strategy was to focus slightly less on their financial growth, and much more on providing â€Å"a high level of service to its customers†. Management viewed this paradigm shift as â€Å"critical to the long term success of the franchise†. To implement these changes, a new Citibank employee performance assessment scorecard was created, briefly tested and quickly implemented. Though I believe it was a much improved and broader way to gauge individual performance, there was certainly room for improvement. The scorecard was composed of financial, strategy implementation and control goals which had the advantage of clearly, objectively and transparently measure a manager’s work. These measures were readily accessible though the general accounting system, and left little (if any) room to argue over a manager’s performance. However, all three measures focused primarily on the upcoming quarter(s) and how those numbers compared quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year, making them a short-term or â€Å"lagging† indicator of success. The remaining measures on the assessment scorecard (customer satisfaction, people, and standards) were all noticeably subjective, yet viewed as sound long-term indicators and therefore crucial in evaluating the foundation of the future success of the organization. Obviously, the customer is (and will always be) the most important part of the equation, as it is customer business that allows banks to conduct theirs. People and standards measures are both especially significant measures, as they address the character, personality and perceived image of individuals, management and the organization as a whole. A more specific analysis of the assessment scorecard is as follows: Financial Measures Financial goals are clearly and understandably the most important measure in the assessment scorecard. In this particular case, the yearly financial targets are the result of a division-wide process that includes the division President himself, all the area managers and respective branch managers. For any financial institution, I believe this to be the most objective measure of a manager’s short-term performance. However, discrete short-term accomplishment measures rarely shed light on the bigger picture and, therefore, on the future direction of an organization. This is easily correlated to many other businesses and organizations including my own. I manage an orthopedic research laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh, and one of the items on our yearly evaluation form is the total dollar amount of our grants. Being awarded n number of grants for x million dollars in any given year provides little information about future funding opportunities. I have been at the University for over 4 years and have seen several PhD’s have to close their laboratories unexpectedly after failing to attain the necessary funds to maintain their staff and continue their research. Having various items on a performance assessment scorecard can certainly help avoid situations like those. Strategy Implementation This is another objective, transparent, easily quantifiable financial measure. As it stands on the Citibank performance scorecard, this measure focuses exclusively on financial achievement. However, I believe Citibank management should change its strategy implementation goals to include some of the customer satisfaction goals as well. If â€Å"Citibank’s strategy in California† is, truly, to provide â€Å"a high level of service to its customers†, I would add relevant questions from the independently conducted telephone interviews to customers who visited the branches during the past month to this measure, as it is an essential component of the organization’s strategy, and certainly influenced by the actions and leadership approach of the respective branch managers. Internal Control Processes This measure is an added form of financial evaluation done by the internal auditing team that follows in line with the two previously discussed. For Citibank this measure was helpful in assessing the level of awareness and involvement of the managers with compliance problems. Customer Satisfaction The most ambiguous and subjective measure on the scorecard, happens to be highly regarded by Citibank leadership as a vital gauge of the long term success of the organization. I look at this measure as having 2 very distinct elements. In the telephone survey previously mentioned, there were questions regarding services provided at the actual branch, and questions oncerning other Citibank services such as 24 hours phone banking and ATM services. I believe questions pertaining services offered at the branch belong with the Strategy Implementation measures, as management clearly stated customer service as a top priority and the branch managers’ actions should be closely linked to services provided at their own local office. All other questions, ones related to additional Citibank services and seemingly out of a branch managerâ⠂¬â„¢s control, should be eliminated from their performance scorecard. Under the current format, there is information that I deem crucial to making this decision that is not provided with the case study. Being that this Customer Satisfaction measure is new in the assessment scorecard (which was only briefly tested before being implemented) I would like to know more about the performance of other/all branch managers. That way I would be able to compare Mr. McGaran’s performance to that of the other managers. I find it somewhat unusual that someone as highly regarded as Mr.  McGaran seems to be, with so much banking experience, scored so poorly in Customer Satisfaction, yet performed so strongly in all other areas of his yearly assessment for four consecutive years, all while managing the most important and most competitive Citibank branch in the Los Angeles division. People and Standards The final two measures on the yearly assessment scorecard go hand in hand, as they concern the way branch managers value their own career advancement opportunities as well as their growth as leaders and role-models not only for employees, but also within the communities which they serve. As subjective as these measures might be, they are essential for any organization, and could have a tremendous impact on an individual’s career. In this particular case, Ms. Johnson used these sections to describe Mr. McGaran as â€Å"an excellent people manager (†¦), a team-builder that motivates his people to go above and beyond. † She enthusiastically referenced his involvement within the community, his focus, discipline, availability, effectiveness and drive among many other things. These are all intangibles that are difficult to assess otherwise (i. . financial measures), but could make a significant difference for the organization as well as the individual. In our laboratory we work with many medical students and young residents. Once they complete their projects in the lab, this is the type of subjective assessment I am responsible for presenting to the attending physicians. How do students/residents perform when the attending physicians are not around? How do they deal with this new environment and how do they perform outside of their comfort zone? How well do they interact with the staff? Do they attempt to take on leadership roles even in the limited time they have at the lab, or are they comfortable just going along? I have been doing such evaluations for about 3 years and, as students start getting into residency programs and residents move onto fellowship programs, it’s staggering how some of the answers to such simple questions seem to strongly correlate with their future expectations and opportunities. After carefully analyzing all 6 assessment measures, with the information available, and if I were asked to make a recommendation on Mr. McGaran’s overall performance, I would have to give him a â€Å"par† rating. The instructions regarding overall year-end performance scores were very clear – â€Å"without â€Å"par† ratings in all the components of the Scorecard, a manager could not get an â€Å"above par† rating†. Citibank management, in particular the California Division, had been strongly emphasizing the importance of customer satisfaction for quite some time, even going as far as changing the performance assessment scorecard to reflect this. Mr.  McGaran is the manager of the most important and most competitive Citibank branch, and he is a role model and a reference to many other branch managers. What credibility would we have as management, if we deviated from the rules regarding that very specific measure in the first year of its implementation? Mr. McGaran was an outstanding employee, and I would do everything within my power to let him know that his incredibly strong overall performance had been noted and that we, as management, were aware of his concerns regarding the validity of the telephone survey. I would let him know that the year-end performance evaluation team is always looking for ways to enhance and improve the assessment scorecard, but in accordance with the one currently in place, he could disagree, but had to accept his rating, and continue to improve his customer satisfaction numbers just as he did during the last quarter. Obviously, such evaluation process serves not only to assess employees but also the system in place to do so. With that in mind, I would propose some changes to the year-end assessment scorecard, starting with an evaluation to the content of the telephone survey and its soundness in assessing a branch manager’s performance. I would also suggest that the rating system be adjusted, so that instead of 3 categories, there were 5. Hopefully, these changes would create a more flexible assessment scorecard, and a yearly performance such as that of Mr. McGaran would be properly distinguished and rewarded.

Change in Russia

The state of Russian individuals, particularly those of the working class, known as the proliferates, like the ranchers and the production line laborers were extremely woeful as contrasted with other European nations. It was principally because of the despotic legislature of the Czar Nicholas II who threatened these individuals step by step by his degenerate and abusive arrangements. The state of the plant specialists was woeful. They couldn't structure any exchange unions and political gatherings to express their grievance.They misused the specialists for their narrow minded finishes. Commonly these specialists completed not getting even the base settled wages. Their conditions were miserable to the point that they had not political rights or any trust of picking up any changes until the start of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The conditions in Russia after the upset were no superior to conditions some time recently. Deficiencies of nourishment and produced merchandise really expan ded as generation diminished.Laborer ranchers were compelled to offer their yields to the glistered under Linen's â€Å"war socialism† arrangement abandoning them with scarcely enough to survive. Workers soon lost motivation to develop more products or stored what they did develop. Workers who did this and were figured out were ousted, detained or executed. Mechanical yield really fell underneath the levels they had been at under the Tsar. Lenin distinguished this and expecting that the Russian individuals might rebel against him and the Bolsheviks, organized the New Economic Policy. It finished almost no assistance.Anybody voicing resistance or feedback of the way the Bolsheviks were running things was marked a counterrevolutionary and likewise banished, Imprisoned or executed. All things considered, the predicament of the workers and workers deteriorated. The Russians where experiencing, to a great degree of harsh times. For example, starvation, Issues In law enforcement an d requirements that the law hadn't met. A couple of capable Individuals saw this as a chance to seize power. They shaped the Soviet Union Intended to get once more on the world for what It had done to them.The union was structured not too long after World War II had begun. Their tradition became deceased, hence leaving Russia a communist country. The revolution had quite a few short term and long term effects. All of which Include, murder of the Czar and the royal family, along with Russia dropping out of World War 1 . A few long term effects were, Russia becoming the world's first communist country and thus the spread of communism. Not to mention Russia becoming a superpower. Change in Russia By drinkable likewise banished, imprisoned or executed.All things considered, the predicament of starvation, issues in law enforcement and requirements that the law hadn't met. A couple of capable individuals saw this as a chance to seize power. They shaped the Soviet Union intended to get onc e more on the world for what it had done to them. The union was structured not too long after World War II had begun. Their tradition quite a few short term and long term effects. All of which include, murder of the Czar and the royal family, along with Russia dropping out of World War 1. A few long term

Peppered Moths A Natural Selection Case Study

In the early 1950s, H.B.D. Kettlewell, an English physician with an interest in butterfly and moth collecting, decided to study the unexplained color variations of the peppered moth. Kettlewell wanted to understand a trend that had been noted by scientists and naturalists since the early nineteenth century. This trend, observed in the industrialized areas of Britain, revealed a peppered moth population—once primarily made up of light, gray-colored individuals—that now consisted primarily of dark gray individuals. H.B.D. Kettlewell was intrigued: why had this color variation taken place in the moth population? Why were dark gray moths more common only in industrial areas while light gray moths were still predominant in rural areas? What do these observations mean? Why Did This Color Variation Occur? To answer this first question, Kettlewell set about designing several experiments. He hypothesized that something in Britains industrial regions had enabled the dark gray moths to be more successful than the light gray individuals. Through his investigations, Kettlewell established that dark gray moths had greater fitness (meaning they produced, on average, more surviving offspring) in the industrial areas than light gray moths (who, on average, produced fewer surviving offspring). H.B.D. Kettlewells experiments revealed that by better blending into their habitat, the dark gray moths were more able to avoid predation by birds. The light gray moths, on the other hand, were easier for birds to see and capture. Dark Gray Moths Adapted to Industrial Habitat Once H.B.D. Kettlewell had completed his experiments, the question remained: what was it that had changed the moths habitat in industrial regions that enabled the darker-colored individuals to blend into their surroundings better? To answer this question, we can look back into Britains history. In the early 1700s, the city of London—with its well-developed property rights, patent laws, and stable government—became the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. Advancements in iron production, steam engine manufacturing, and textile production catalyzed many social and economic changes that reached far beyond Londons city limits. These changes altered the nature of what had been predominantly an agricultural workforce. Great Britains plentiful coal supplies provided the energy resources needed to fuel the fast-growing metalworking, glass, ceramics, and brewing industries. Because coal is not a clean energy source, its burning released vast quantities of soot into Londons air. The soot settled as a black film on buildings, homes, and even trees. In the midst of Londons newly industrialized environment, the peppered moth found itself in a difficult struggle to survive. Soot coated and blackened the trunks of trees throughout the city, killing lichen that grew on the bark and turning tree trunks from a light gray-flecked pattern to a dull, black film. The light gray, pepper-patterned moths that once blended into the lichen-covered bark, now stood out as easy targets for birds and other hungry predators. A Case of Natural Selection The theory of natural selection suggests a mechanism for evolution and gives us a way to explain the variations we see in living organisms and the changes evident in the fossil record. Natural selection processes can act on a population either to reduce genetic diversity or increase it. The types of natural selection (also known as selection strategies) that reduce genetic diversity include: stabilizing selection and directional selection. The selection strategies that increase genetic diversity include diversifying selection, frequency-dependent selection, and balancing selection. The peppered moth case study described above is an example of directional selection: the frequency of color varieties changes dramatically in one direction or another (lighter or darker) in response to the predominating habitat conditions.