The Truth About Nightshades - and Whether You Should Avoid Them

The Truth About Nightshades - and Whether You Should Avoid Them Nightshades are some of the most commonly used plants, easily found in every market.Paprika, potato, eggplant â€" these vegetables all belong to the nightshade family.This also includes peppers in all their varieties, as well as tomatoes.Nightshades are used for food all over the world, but as time passed and new knowledge about them emerged, people started wondering if nightshades are truly as good for our health.These plants, although usually completely harmless to most of the people, can cause some serious issues when if you’re suffering from an autoimmune decease, or simply have a very sensitive stomach.Let us see what exactly nightshades are, find out how they work when eaten, and see whether or not we should limit the consumption of nightshades or completely stay away from them.ABOUT NIGHTSHADESNightshades are the plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, which contains more than 2000 species.White potato, eggplants, peppers (both their chili and sweet bell varieties) â€" al l of these are numbered among the nightshades.Red pepper flakes, cayenne pepper, paprika, and other spices derived from peppers also fall into this category, the exception being the black pepper since it belongs to a completely different family of plants.The aforementioned nightshade plants, including tomatillos and goji berries, are edible (and quite delicious too!), while another member of this family, although able to bear fruits, is not an edible plant, so we use it for its leaf instead.That plant is as widely known as it is wide-spread, and its name is â€" tobacco.Tobacco is probably the most obvious example of nightshades’ detrimental effects to our health, but more on that will be said later in the text. TO TRUST, OR NOT TO TRUST?As extensive as this family of plants may be, the list of the edible nightshades is, sadly, not overly long, but the number of nightshade plants with highly toxic properties is impressively large.Most of the poisonous nightshades are very dangerous for humans, and they’ve been traditionally valued for exactly this feature.The most famous of the poisonous nightshade is probably the belladonna, commonly known as “the deadly nightshade”.Belladonna was highly regarded for its brutal efficiency, and it is further immortalized by the great William Shakespeare in one of his greatest plays â€" Macbeth.The name belladonna means “beautiful woman” in English, and it is probably connected to the alternative use of this plant. Women once used the belladonna extract in order to cause the dilation of their pupils, and thus be more attractive to men.Because of the long list of poisonous nightshade, there are people who show great levels of concern when it comes to all nightshades in general.Since belladonna is so poisonous, how can potato or tomato be good for us?Traditionally, gardeners expressed their doubts regarding the actual nutritional values of nightshades, so they grew them simply because of their beauty.Their belief, comb ined with the growing distrust towards nightshades has some sense, but the truth is this: edible nightshades pose absolutely not a threat for us.If, of course, we’re already perfectly healthy.On the other hand, if you’re suffering from chronic deceases, autoimmune deceases, have sensitivity towards certain types of food, allergies, leaky gut syndrome or inflammatory bowel decease, eating nightshade vegetables may prove as a very, very bad idea. IS VITAMIN D TO BLAME? One of the causes of possible health risks related to consuming nightshades in your everyday diet is their negative influence on joint pain and arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis.This case is presented by N. F. Childers, P.h.D. and M. S. Margoles, M.D. However, this “proof” cannot be considered completely reliable due to it being based upon conversations with various people regarding their diet and whether or not they experienced the negative effects of the nightshades, however helpful their idea of elim inating nightshades from their interlocutors’ diets proved to be.One of the potential causes of people with chronic illnesses’ negative reaction to consuming nightshades may have something to do with Vitamin D.Evidence gathered from animals showed that the joint problems and bone issues the animals have been experiencing are all due to the way their bodies process the Vitamin D derived from nightshade consumption.Vitamin D is of great importance when it comes to the overall health of bones.However, the D3 variant of Vitamin D is proven to have negative effects â€" it actually causes disturbances in calcium metabolism.Consequently, the improperly processed calcium is deposited in the soft body tissue instead of within the bones.This is the reason why animals suffer from severe joint inflammation.However, we humans do not process Vitamin D in the same manners that animals do.Substances which have a negative influence on animals have no effect on humans, and vice versa, so the offe red evidence, however important, does not exactly prove that these issues will affect us in the same manner, if at all.LECTINS AND ALKALOIDSThere are, on the other hand, researches which attribute the negative influence of the nightshades to our organism to the substances naturally found within the said plants.These substances are called lectins and alkaloids (or glycoalkaloids).1.  Lectins Lectins are proteins bound to carbon-hydrate, i.e. sugar.These macromolecules are of great importance since they’re able to recognize specific cells and molecules within our body and play the role of mediators when it comes to the process of binding between the bacteria and viruses and their respective targets.Lectins can be found in basically every food source, to the greater or lesser extent.Some foods, such as beans and grains, must be either fermented or cooked in order to reduce the lectine percentage.Some of them, such as CLEC11A lectine, actually has some beneficial effects. Other lactin es, such as ricine, act as toxins and can be extremely dangerous.It is not easy to easily distinguish between the beneficial, or at least harmless, and the dangerous types of lectins because of them being so widespread in almost every source of food.We know for certain that the lectins in peanuts are harmful to humans since they act as a bowel irritant and cause the “leaky gut syndrome”, which is also something alkaloids do as well.2.  Alkaloids Alkaloids are chemical compounds, naturally occurring and organic in nature, usually consisted of basic nitrogen atoms.They are produced by plants, animals, fungi, and animals.Alkaloids within nightshades are also known as glycoalkaloids, and they are, essentially, the plant’s defense mechanism, a naturally occurring pesticide.Even though they exist in every part of the plant, those parts of the plants with the highest level of glycoalkaloids are unripe fruit, flowers, and leaves.Glycoalkaloids work in two ways.When a predator eats a g lycoalkaloid-rich unripe fruit, the compound bounds with cholesterol cells of the predator, that way eroding their membrane and causing them to leak or break.The other way is through interaction with an enzyme called cholinesterase.This enzyme reacts with a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which leads to overstimulation of the muscular tissue, and consequently, paralysis of the predator.Essentially, glycoalkaloids, at least context, are acting as neurotoxins.Alkaloids found within nightshades include, but are not limited to, the following:SolanineWhen solanine enters the body once we eat nightshade which the highest concentration of this alkaloid, the bond with sugar is severed due to our bodies metabolizing of this alkaloid, so only solanidine is left.Solanidine is not toxic in small amounts we enter in ourselves while eating, but it tends to accumulate over time and starts damaging our body when we’re under great stress.This steroid alkaloid is found in potatoes, and its c ounterpart, located within tomatoes, is called tomatine.Solanine and tomatine are produced in very much the same way the plants produce chlorophyll.This essentially means that the highest concentration of these alkaloids, as we have already mentioned earlier in the text, can be found in the greenest parts of the plant.It is true that we mostly never eat those parts, but take care: every patch of green on not-quite-ripe fruit can potentially have a high concentration of solanine/tomatine.The detrimental effects of this steroidal alkaloids include irritation of the digestion system, and can also cause disturbances within the neurotransmitters.Documented cases of solanine poisoning exist, although they are very rare, and they include central nervous system depression, vomiting, diarrhea, and in some extreme cases, death.Nicotine As we have already said, nicotine is an alkaloid found within the tobacco, which is also a type of nightshade.It is widely known that this alkaloid is the reas on why tobacco is so addictive, and why so many people worldwide smoke cigarettes and cigars in large amounts, but other than addiction, it causes breathing difficulties and lung cancer, among other things.Bear in mind: the fact you’re not a smoker and that you actively avoid places where smokers gather does not mean that you’ve successfully avoided nicotine!Nicotine can be found in basically every type of nightshade, in a greater or lesser extent.Which probably explains why we get so easily hooked on French fries!Capsaicin Capsaicin is the alkaloid found within peppers. Although it has some anti-inflammatory characteristics, it can cause a lot of trouble aside from the well-known taste of peppers.If you ever felt like your very soul is on fire after eating a particularly hot habanero or a salsa, its capsaicin’s fault!A side-effect of capsaicin burning your taste buds is the release of a compound called Substance P.When that happens, there comes of period where your sense of t aste (and all the pain receptors within your mouth) feels like its deadened, so the searing heat you felt at the first bite is significantly weaker at the fourth and the fifth bite.That’s why this alkaloid has some use as an analgesic, especially when it comes to treating osteoarthritis. HOW DANGEROUS ARE THEY?When it comes to overall direct danger to humans, we don’t really have anything to worry about.The concentration of alkaloids in edible nightshades is small, and since most of it, as we have already said, is concentrated in the parts we don’t actually eat.Even if we did, it would take a high concentration of alkaloids to actually harm us, and such amount is found in poisonous nightshades.But just like we said, a person with a perfectly healthy body can deal with these substances without much of a trouble.People with certain health issues, like the ones we mentioned above, are not that lucky.In case you’re suffering from an autoimmune disorder, alkaloids you’ve consum ed may lead to a stronger immune reaction, which is something which must be avoided.One of the problems the alkaloids can cause within the body of a person troubled by an autoimmune disorder is the gut inflammation.Since it’s their nature to act as a pesticide, and since the pesticide is a toxin made to, essentially, kill any and all pests that potentially harm the plant, alkaloids attack the cells within your digestive tract, causing “leaky gut”.The protein from the cells within the digestive tract, instead of remaining where they’re supposed to be, end up in our bloodstream, which kick-starting a potent autoimmune reaction â€" our body attacks them seeing them as foreign bodies and potential threat.Other research shows that glycoalkaloids can destroy even the cellular membranes of our blood cells and mitochondria!THE BENEFITS OF NIGHTSHADESTo reiterate: nightshades are harmful only to those sensitive to them for reasons we have explained earlier.If you’re a healthy indiv idual not suffering from any form of autoimmune deceases, you’ll be perfectly fine.In fact, some of those substances within the nightshades which cause such a detrimental effect when consumed by people with sensitive digestive tract can be actually beneficial to those that don’t.1.  Anti-inflammatory PropertiesFor people with the healthy digestive system, capsaicin, the alkaloid found within peppers is actually used to counter bowel inflammation, and it is one of the beneficial factors of eating peppers!However, within the body of someone with more sensitive bowels, it has a completely opposite effect.The moment capsaicin appears in the digestive tract of a healthy person, their body reacts with a powerful anti-inflammatory response.That way, capsaicin serves as sort of a catalyst for positive chemical reaction within our bodies.The reason for such a reaction may lie in the fact that glycoalkaloids â€" capsaicin being among them â€" have a similar structure to that of glucocorti coids.Glucocorticoids are special compounds known for their strong anti-inflammatory features, the most famous of them being prednisone and cortisol (this one is actually the stress hormone of our body).However, it must be noted that excessive amounts of these substances just because they have this one beneficial feature.Too much prednisone causes some pretty nasty side-effects, and too much cortisol slows down your metabolism and undermines the efficiency of our immune system.2.  Anti-Bacterial Properties Nightshades can be of great help when it comes to fighting bacteria and viruses.Laboratory experiments have shown that alkaloids and lectins found within nightshades possess strong anti-bacterial properties.This is discovery is perfectly in accordance with their nature: they are meant to help the plant fight aggressors both from within and from without.3.  Anti-Cancer Properties While conducting researches with the purpose of finding every possible way of fighting and destroying c ancer cells, scientists tried using nightshades, i.e. alkaloids and lectins extracted from them.In vitro experiments have shown that alkaloids can actually cause the decline of cancer concentration by “making” them self-destruct.The reason why this is not a widely spread method of fighting cancer is due to the fact that alkaloids and lectins used in this purpose often trigger the self-destruction healthy cells as well, which makes them a real double-edged sword.Consequently, in vivo trials on animals and humans have not been conducted, and it shall remain so until ways of countering these side-effects are discovered.APPROPRIATE SUBSTITUTION OF NIGHTSHADES IN EVERY-DAY MEALSEveryday recipes are full of nightshades, but don’t worry: if your body can’t deal with them, there are great (and very tasty) substitutions out there.By using them, you won’t be forced to give up preparing and enjoying your favorite meals, and they’ll be equally tasty and significantly healthier for y ou!1.  Potatoes Potatoes, as we’ve said above, are rich with alkaloids, so they don’t agree with some people that well. Luckily, there are more than decent substitutions for them.Sweet potatoes, for example, are not only a delicious vegetable, but they are also completely alkaloid-free, thus not causing any of the usual nightshade-induced issues. You can use them for basically any meal common potatoes are used for, and with no side-effects whatsoever.Jicama, nicknamed “the Mexican potato”, is another effective substitution, though not so commonly known. Not only it is great for making French fries, but it is also a great way of nourishment for the good bacteria within our digestive tract. Besides these, plantain is always a good choice!2.  TomatoesTomato, as nightshade, can be very unpleasant for some people, despite its relatively mild effects.Tomato-based food can be found literally everywhere because the fruit is quite delicious, and it adds quite a bit of flavor. However , you can go without it and still enjoy all those meals.If you require marinara sauce for preparing a certain dish, you can substitute it with the so-called Nomato sauce. You can either buy it at a supermarket or make it yourself. Just have some pumpkin puree, fresh basil, kalamata olives, dulse flakes, bone broth, nutritional yeast, and just a bit of beet.The same Nomato sauce fits great when it comes to chili, and if you’re a lover of enchiladas, zucchinis are the perfect substitution for tomatoes.3.  Red Spices Red spices are spices based on peppers, such as paprika, and they are almost an irreplaceable part of any meal, especially those more on the, well, spicier side. Almost irreplaceable.Black pepper, a fairly common, hot spice, is not nightshade but a seed plant, yet it is more than capable of matching that recognizable kick the peppers have.When it comes the color, where black pepper is lacking, turmeric saves the day. It works as a perfect replacement for peppers. The fla vor, the color, the spice â€" turmeric has it covered!Finally, if you’re looking for a bit more variety, cumin is the right choice.Much like black pepper, it is a seed plant, and since it’s green in color, experimenting with it could be quite amusing.Add it instead of peppers, and watch your dinner guests puzzled expressions as you serve them a delicious, verdantly green chili!4.  Eggplants Eggplants are also one of the most commonly used nightshades.One good way of substituting them is the introduction of zucchinis.Their texture is similar to that of eggplants and prepared as French fries, they’re almost the same as eggplant parmesan.CAN NIGHTSHADE SENSITIVITY BE HEALED? Depending on the auto-immune decease you’re suffering from and of many other health factors, yes, it is possible for you to stop being sensitive to nightshades, or at least reduce your body’s reaction towards them.Some people may have a more or less stronger reaction towards a particular type of nightshad e, so reintroducing them into your everyday diet in ever so small amounts may help you build tolerance.But if your previous reaction towards, say, potatoes were serious, it would probably be best if you simply remove it altogether.There are some efficient ways to achieving this, and you can find them here.FINAL WORDTo reiterate, nightshades are essentially harmless for you, they’re even beneficial, but only if you yourself don’t have any overly extreme health issues. If you’re suffering from any form of auto-immune decease, it would be wise for you to avoid nightshades.The concentration of alkaloids and lectins in them can worsen your chronic pain, irritate your bowels, or cause some more serious consequences.There are ways, however, to heal your nightshade sensitivity, or at least increase your tolerance towards nightshades, but it is strongly advised you do this with extreme care.Check your levels of sensitivity, and act accordingly.Health always comes first!

Critique Of A Research Study - 1803 Words

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Journal of Teacher Education Critique Essay - 1366 Words

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Poetry Discussion Questions Free Essays

How does the language of the poem make Moore more relatable to the audience? A lot of poems are composed of long difficult words that are hard to pronounce and hard to understand. However, in â€Å"Poetry’, Moore took a different route to explaining to the reader what poetry is. That is, she approached the poem with words that are used everyday, a technique to help the reader to understand the true meaning of poetry. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Discussion Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now I also feel like these lines, that we do not admire what e cannot understand† (lines 9-11), point out that the average person does not understand deep, complex literary meanings of words that are not used in everyday life. I also feel like Moore is expressing that this is one of the reasons why people do not read as much poetry, since they are indirectly discriminated due to the language filter. To add on, this may be the reason why the author started off with the lines, â€Å"l, too, dislike it, there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle† (line 1). Once again, she relates to the audience in preference of literature. Perhaps through the poem, she is attempting to show herself grow out of the phase of dislike and into the phase of loving poetry to the extent of becoming a poet. The ignorance to poetry makes us believe that we do not enjoy poetry, but I feel like the author expresses that it is a matter of opening the book and surpassing the fear of feeling unintelligible due to the language in sophisticated poems. How to cite Poetry Discussion Questions, Papers

Applied Business Research and Strategies

Question: Discuss about the case study Applied Business Research and Strategies. Answer: Introduction Companies uses various strategies in order to appeal to their customers and establish a competitive advantage in the industry. Wild bean caf is a coffee and food stores spread across various locations in the UK(Patterson, 2010). The report is regarding Wild Bean Cafs initiative taken to enhance the various services it provides its customers, which has been analyzed by use of Hertzberg two factor theory. The second part of the report caters to the strategic position of the company if its wants to gain greater market share in UK, which has been analyzed through strategic clock. Customer service initiatives by Wild Bean Caf Wild bean caf is a chain of coffee stores operating in the UK, side by side BP petrol pumps. The company offers refreshments and snacks for road travellers who stop at the petrol pumps to refuel. The company provides a wide array of menu option for breakfast, lunch and drinks along with sweets which has high customer appeal. The companys food joint and coffee shop is a favorite of the UK travellers which has been analyzed using the Hertzberg two-factor theory. According to the theory there are two pertinent factors that causes satisfaction amongst customers, they can be grouped as motivators and hygiene factors(Liu, 2011). Motivators : The factors that motivate customers to have coffee and food items at Wild Bean Caf is the fresh coffee they provide in terms of quality and standard. The food quality and variety at the outlet has an appeal to the taste buds of the consumers in UK. Coffee has tremendous energizing properties which is an added advantage for travellers to stop and eat or drink at the store. Hygiene Factors : The hygiene factors can also be called the basic factors that make customers choose Wild Bean Caf. The caf shops are strategically located at petrol pumps; this allows customers to freshen up and provides an opportunity to rest between their journey. The stores are well maintained and are clean which provides the basic hygiene factors for customers to select the caf shop(Patterson, 2010). Figure 1: Hertzberg two factor theory for customer satisfaction Source : (Liu, 2011) The potential market opportunities of Wild bean caf to gain more market share in domestic market Wild Bean Caf in the UK caters to a particular market segment of specially travellers as they are located beside BP petrol pumps. The company caters to a distinct set of customer profile in order to expand in UK and gain more market share the company has to apply Strategic Clock to consider the alternatives. The strategic clock offers various alternative strategy like differentiation, low cost, low price, hybrid of moderate price and differentiation, focused differentiation, increase price or standard in product, high price and low value, low value and high price(Covin, 2006). Amongst the various strategic alternatives available the company can select low price strategy. The company faces immense competition from Starbucks hence it cannot adopt differentiation strategy hence in order to gain greater market share across UK it needs to lower its overall costs. By lowering of its costs, initially it might have to face reduced profitability but it can attract a lot of customers(Piercy, 2008). Through this strategy the company can become a very powerful force in the market but it needs to evaluate the low price sustainability as it needs to maintain certain standard costs. Figure 2: Strategic clock for Bean Wild Cafe Source : (Covin, 2006) Conclusion The discussion on Wild Bean Caf provides useful insights to the various factors the company caters to while attaining customer satisfaction. The company provides a wide range of coffee and food items that have a high appeal to the customers hence these acts as motivators. In the strategic clock the company should adopt a low price strategy in order to compete in the market which will provide the company differentiation and attract a high number of customers. References Covin, J. G. (2006). Strategic process effects on the entrepreneurial orientationsales growth rate relationship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 57-81. Liu, C. T. (2011). The effects of relationship quality and switching barriers on customer loyalty. . International Journal of Information Management, 71-79. Patterson, P. G. (2010). How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 41-47. Piercy, N. (2008). Market-led strategic change. . Routledge.

Locke and Hobbes Views on State of Nature

Introduction The state of nature, in political philosophy, is a term used in social contract theories to refer to the hypothetical condition that preceded governments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Locke and Hobbes’ Views on State of Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a broader sense, state of nature can be described as the condition before rule of positive law comes into being, thus it is a synonym for anarchy (Schochet, 1967). State of nature is fundamental in social contract theory since people seek to be governed by persons in higher authority in order to maintain their social stability. Hobbes and Locke were among the few philosophers who contributed immensely to the concept of state of nature. They were both natural law and social contract theorists who lived in the same era but had different views and arguments on the state of nature, justification of governments and the motives to move ou t of the state of nature. All other natural law theorists, except Hobbes, assumed that man was a social animal by nature. On contrary, Hobbes assumed very different conclusions and was infamous for several other unconventional results in mathematics and physics. Differences Thomas Hobbes wrote in his greatest work Leviathan, that nothing could be as worst as life without the state protection. As a materialist he borrowed a lot from the principle of conservation in motion from Galileo’s theory. He noted, that an object is eternally supposed to be in motion unless someone disturbs it. Using the principle of conservation of motion, he argued that, human beings are perpetually seeking for new things (Macpherson, 1990). In addition stated that, life itself is in a state of motion and can never be enjoyed without desire to move. He argued that, it is only through the search of well-being that human beings go to war with one another and that the fear of death is the only leading fac tor to the creation of a state. The state of nature is pictured by Hobbes as a state where all are at war with each other. The search for felicity results to men constantly trying to aggravate their power. According to Hobbes, human beings are made equal by nature since what they possess is equal in terms of strengths and skills. He argued that the weakest has strength enough to kill the most formidable, either by secret maneuvers or by coordinating with others. Hobbes cited that in a state of nature three reasons motivate human beings to attack each other, which included the desire for safety, glory, reputation or for selfish gains. According to Hobbes’ theory, in a state of nature there is no room for the unjust hence there is no space for immorality, something that he referred to as the National Right of Liberty.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Individuals with coll ective rationality are contrasted by Hobbes. When explaining the peculiarity of â€Å"prisoner’s dilemma† Hobbes argued that it is difficult to achieve cooperation when individuals with collective rationality diverge. He believed that an individual’s rational behavior leads to attack of other people. According to him, it is our duty to obey the laws of nature just as other people around us are obedient to it. Incases where an individual feels endangered by other people’s standing, in just an occasion one is termed as acting jealously. According to Hobbes theory the level of collective suspicion and fear is very high such that we are excused for not obeying the law and that we only act in a morally upright way when others act the same way. Hobbes assumes that one concedes his rights to the government in return for life. To him, the role of the society is to direct creation of state and a reflection of the will of the ruler and that whatever the state does is just by definition. On the contrary, Locke’s views and arguments differ a lot when compared to Hobbes’. John Locke believed he could live in a state of nature and in a life without a state government. According to Locke, the state of nature is a state of perfect freedom and a state of equality that is only bound by the law of nature. In his theory, Locke adds a moral and technological aspect where he states that due to the fact that we are all creatures of God we should not harm others except for purposes of self defense. All people have a duty to protect and help others without doing harming themselves. On matters of liberty, we have the freedom to do what is morally upright. Here Locke’s view clearly contrasts Hobbes’ who cited that every one has a right over every thing in a state of nature, even the right over other people’s bodies. Locke advocated for equality among human beings and stated that everyone has the power to enforce the law of n ature within a state of nature. According to Locke, harming somebody is only allowed in self defense and those who break the laws of nature should face punishment as a natural right. He argued that each offense should be severely punished according to its magnitude so as to act as an ill bargain for the offenders and to make them repent, thus terrifying others who may be wanting to commit the same transgressions (Olivecrona, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Locke and Hobbes’ Views on State of Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Locke the most important right to be secured in a state nature is private property. He claims that God created us to own property and live in satisfaction but not to end up starving. Locke cited that there is a natural reason to own property in the sense that if man was to ask permission from another man to use the earth then it would amount to starvation. Lo cke’s picture of the state of nature is very optimistic. He argues that nature is not ruled by morality and individuals act for their best but not for the best of the community as whole. According to Locke, the reasons that led to creation of states were; increase in resource scarcity and the invention of cash that is a means of non perishable exchange. People could exchange land produce for money avoiding loss, creating wealth and imbalances that Hobbes termed as a state of war. According to him, the role of the society was to ensure justice was done. Similarities There are similarities between Hobbes’ and Locke’s views on state of nature. Both are political philosophers and their writings have influenced to a great extent development of modern political thought. Both refer to the state of nature in which man lives without a government and both point out risks in the state. Both, Hobbes and Locke talk about the dangers of the state of nature. Man is referred by both of them as being equal to the state (Macpherson, 1990). Locke describes nature as a state of perfect equality where superiority over one another is not exercised but despite the equality both warn of dangers of state of nature. For instance, Hobbes says that if two men cannot enjoy the same thing they turn out to be enemies, something that ends in a state of war. Locke points out risks in cases where the law of nature is lacking and everyone executes duties, this may result to what Hobbes refers to as a state of war. Both Locke and Hobbes somehow seem to agree on the law of nature. They seem to agree the concept of law to imply a law enforcer; otherwise the law would be an empty concept. Conclusion I tend to agree with Locke’s point of view in his argument, that in a state of nature there are moral codes which guide and inspire human beings (Macpherson, 1990). My reluctance to support Hobbes argument is supported by the fact that people may choose follow individual reas oning instead of a collective reason. However, Locke’s law of nature is somehow weak since it requires somebody to enforce it and his argument that everybody is empowered may not be true and may result to what Hobbes termed as state of war.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Macpherson, C.B.(1990). The political theory of possessive individualism. Oxford: Clarendon Press Oxford Olivecrona, K.L.(1998). Appropriation in the State of Nature: Locke on the Origin of Property. Journal of the History of Ideas,78(67),90-123. Schochet, G.J.(1967). Thomas Hobbes on the Family and the State of Nature. Political  Science Quarterly,90,78-80 This essay on Locke and Hobbes’ Views on State of Nature was written and submitted by user Annika Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War

The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War Introduction The division of Korea was an event, which stemmed from the 1945 World War II victory of the Allied nations. The victory marked the end of the 35 year long Japanese rule over Korea. The division, resulted from the declined proposal, for the United States and the Soviet Union, to transitorily occupy Korea, in the form of a trusteeship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The trusteeship, was intended to bring about the establishment of a Korean provisional government, which would be liberated to independence, after gaining stability. In line with the proposal, elections had been scheduled, a move that the Soviet Union refused consenting to. The refusal by the Soviet Union, was mainly because the elections would be administered in a free and fair manner, across the two Korean divisions. As a result of the non-cooperation, a communist nation was formed, under the directive of the Soviet Union, at the Northern division. A pro-western state was also established at the South Division, through the backing of the two super powers. Also, the two super powers, backed the different leaderships of the different territories, which led to the effective establishment of the two states. However, the two states claimed superiority over the entire Korean region (Landsberg 71). Discussion The Korean War of 1950 to 1953, was a war between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, backed up by China and the Soviet Union; and the Republic of Korea, backed by the United States of America. The war was primarily, the result of the political separation of Korea, which was made through the agreement by the Allied Nations after the World War II (Cumings 607). The impacts of the Korean division on South Korea are many, and they include land border issues, maritime incidents, and air attacks by the North Korean authorities. Other impacts include the democratization of South Korea. After the division of South and North Korea; the political climate was a cause for the political evolution of Soul, after running from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. Through the democratization of Southern Korea, the South Korean economy was able to establish an increased number of relations with foreign countries. As a result, the southern territory was able to develop security and foreign issues, which greatly affected the democratization of the state and the ability to establish cross-strait relations. This in turn contributed to the development of the state in its different aspects. These include the trade relations between South Korea and Taiwan (Lee 124).Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After the division, South Korea was forced into the domination of the territory b y foreign powers. The effects of this domination may be seen in the area of the victimization of the people of South Korea, especially the women living at the Cheju region. Long after the division, the women at Cheju have had to condone to sexual exploitation by foreigners, especially Japanese men. However, after a lengthy period of such victimization, the women at the Cheju region resolved to enter into prostitution business, a case that can be traced to the bereavement of a majority of them, after the 1988 attack on the group branded the Guerillas. The effect of their decision to move into sex tourism is evident up to date, and is a case which is known among church leaders and administrative authorities. For instance, during a 1988 International church seminar held at the YMCA, church affiliates were reported, as saying that there was a need to have more Japanese tourists visit the Cheju region, as they would bring money into the area. The same people are quoted as reporting that the income from the sex tourism business, increases the endowment of the church in the area of giving (Lee 124). The division of Korea, also resulted in the instability of the South Korean state, a situation that pushed them into becoming reliant on nuclear war strategies, drawn from the superpowers backing them. For instance, it was reported that during the 1990s, there were enough nuclear bombs in the South Korean territory, enough to vandalize the entire Korean Peninsula biologically. According to the reports, there were between 120 and 1200 nuclear bombs, owned by the Unites States, at the South Korean state. During the same period, there were also more than forty thousand U.S ground troops in South Korea. Further, the autonomy of the U.S in the area of using nuclear bombs at the South Korean region, shows that South Korea fell into foreign dominance soon after the division. This is the case, as it is illegal for America to start the use of nuclear weapons in Europe, except at t he South Korean region, where they carry on such activities without the permission of local authorities (Lee 124). South Korea also became a pollutant-dependent nation after the division, mainly because of the establishment of poisonous production plants. For instance, there was the incidence of a boy who had died, after working at a mercury-producing factory for a period of six months. The case shows that South Korea, fell into chemical exploitation after the division of the different states. Further exploitation can be traced in the challenges placed in the way of the agricultural sector in the South Korean region.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include the strategy to keep South Korea under the rule of the U.S. During the 1990s, Korean farmers were under the threat of being faced out of the agric ultural production platform by the U.S. For instance, the U.S importation of beef products into South Korea, led to the loss of domesticated animals, like cows, and in other cases, the suicide of the indebted farmers. This was the case, as these farmers grew into debt, to the level that they could not keep their lands, thus becoming mere tenants. From the case, it is evident that foreign dominance was killing the Korean economy to its advantage (Oberdorfer 472). Other effects of the division of the two Koreas, include the land border attacks on South Korea by the North Korean forces. Some of these attacks include the April 1970 attempt, the November 1974, the recent 2006 attempts by the North Korean military, seeking to cross into South Korea, and the November 2010 attack on South Korean military training grounds. From these attacks, South Korea has had to remain on alert, ready for an attack from the North Korean forces, a case that led them into instituting readiness drills. These may be traced to the November 23, 2010 attack, which came after the Northern authorities had warned against planned military preparedness drills by South Korea. The drills were taking place at the Yeonpyong Island, where North Korean forces attacked. From the attack, there was an exchange of fire, which led to the death of 4 people and 15 others injured. This clearly shows the subjective treatment of South Korea by their North Korean counterparts, which has been the situation for South Korea, ever since the division. Other areas that South Korea has had to cultivate attack preparedness, include air operations and centers, especially after the 2003 attack by a North Korean jet fighter, which had entered the South Korean territory (Craig 75). Conclusion The division of Korea into the Northern and the Southern territories, took place after 1945 World War II victory of the Allied nations. The planned unification of Korea through a free and fair election failed, after the Soviet Union f ailed consenting to the proposal, a case that led to the creation of two autonomous states, backed by the Soviet Union and the United States. However, that was not the end, as the two states and the respective leaderships, were competing for autonomous control over the entire Korean Peninsula. As a result, the conflict culminated into the Koran war of 1950-1953. After the war, the two states were declared autonomous. However, North Korea continued its revolt against the autonomy of the Southern state, attacking it both from land, borders and air. The effects of the division of Korea on the South Korean state, include the range of attacks by the Korean forces, the democratization of the South Korean economy, and the domination of the territory by foreign nations, these including Japan and the United States.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other effects include reliance on nuclear war strategies, South Korea hosting a pollutant – dependent economy, and the exploitation of the South Korean economy by foreign nations. The forms of exploitation evident at South Korea, include sexual exploitation from Japanese men, and economic exploitation by the United States. Craig, Albert. The Heritage of World Civilizations, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers, 2012. Print. Cumings, Bruce.  The Origins of the Korean War: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes,  Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. Print. Landsberg, Martin. â€Å"Korea: Division, Reunification, U.S. Foreign Policy.† Monthly Review 7.9 (1998): 71–77. Print. Lee, Ki-baik.  A New History of Korea, Seoul: Ilchokak Publishers, 1984. Print. Oberdorfer, Don.  The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History,  Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1997. Print.